TripAdvisorPERU INFORMATION
Peru: Country of great history, traditions and Culture – Mestizo country, A Strong country
Peru is a fascinating country because of its history, culture, and its marvelous landscape. You can wander around colonial cities, which have preserved the legacy of the Spanish conquistadors or you can visit the ancient INCA capital Cusco, as well as explore the lost city of Machupicchu.
Peru has some of the most spectacular and varied scenery in South America. The Peruvian Andes are the most beautiful on the continent and the mountains are home to millions of highland natives who still speak the ancient language Quechua and maintain a traditional way of life. The Amazon which occupies half of Peru is one of the world’s top 10 biodiversity “hot spots”, a species- rich area of tropical rainforest that will make your head spin when you start to learn about its ecology. The coastal deserts are beautiful with huge rolling dunes, farmland oases and fishing villages.
The citizens from the following areas will be issued a visa (30-90 days, usually 90) on arrival: North and South American, Western Europe, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Fiji and India. If in doubt, check in the nearest Peruvian consulate. Upon entering Peru, travelers must fill- out a double entry form. The original stays with immigration. The duplicate is given to the visitors and must be surrendered upon leaving. Do not lose it. It costs US$5 to replace.
Location
Peru is located in the central and western part of South America. It borders the Pacific Ocean to the west, to the south it borders Chile, to the east with Bolivia and Brazil and with Colombia and Ecuador to the north.
It has an area of 1,285,215 km2, has a sovereignty over the sea of 200 miles from the Peruvian coast and is the third largest country in South America.
It has a population of 30,000 inhabitants (Urban: 72.3%, Rural: 27.7%), consisting of a variety of races and cultures due to the Spanish conquest and the subsequent migration of Africans, Asians, and Europeans. It is divided into 24 departments and Lima is its capital.
GENERAL INFORMATION
- Languages:
- Spanish: 80.3%
- Quechua: 16.2%
- Other languages: 3.0%
- Foreign languages: 0.2%
Although Spanish is the predominant language, Quechua has been very important since the Inca Empire. Aymara is also spoken in the region of “Altiplano” especially in Puno, as well as a variety of dialects in the jungle.
Money
The Nuevo Sol (S /.) Has been used since 1991. This is divided into 100 cents. The current exchange rate is USD1.00 = S / .3.34 or € 1.00 = S / .3.65. Most of the formal establishments (such as restaurants, hotels, shops) accept credit cards. There are numerous “Casas de Cambio” where “Travelers Checks” can be cashed. There are ATMs, although it is useful to arrive with US dollars.
Time
Corresponds to GMT -5.
Government
Peru is a Democratic Republic. The President and members of Congress are elected every five years. The current President of Peru is Martín Alberto Vizcarra Cornejo
Beliefs
The religion of Peru is a legacy of the Spanish conquest, for this reason, it is a predominantly Catholic country. Expressions of native religions such as the worship of the sun, the Pachamama (mother earth), among others, have been present since the 16th century. Rituals and festivals that express both: Catholicism and the mystical religions of ancient pre-Hispanic cultures are celebrated throughout the year in different cities, such as the Inti Raymi (festival of the Sun) in Cusco.
- Catholic: 89.03%
- Evangelical: 6.73%
- Other religions: 2.56%
- No religion: 1.65%
Communications
In Peru we have the “Internet Cabins”, which provides Internet access for certain periods of time (from 15 minutes) at a low cost. The average connection cost for an hour is around S /. 3.50 (US $ 1). From the cabins you can also make national and international calls at a reasonable cost. Peru also has a telephone network that provides national and international long distance calling services.
Telephone
Peru has a long-range telephone network that provides services for national and international long-distance calls, both from private telephones and public cabinets.
Temperature:
Peru is divided in 3-regions so that the temperatures are variable:
Coast: Quite humid climate. Temperatures range from 12ºC to 30ºC in summer. Winter is from April to October and summer from November to March. The north coast is always sunny and has warm temperatures all year round.
Andes: Two seasons: the dry season (from April to October), with sunny days, cold nights and lack of rain; and the rainy season (November to March), when there are frequent showers (around 1000 mm). Temperatures change a lot between day and night. At noon it could be around 24 ° C and drop to -3 ° C at night.
Jungle: Humidity all year round. The climate is divided into two distinct areas: the cloud forest (subtropical climate, with rain showers between November and March and sunny days from April to October); and the lowland jungle (where the dry season runs from April to October and is ideal for tourism, with sun and very pleasant temperatures of 35 ° C).
Natural characteristics
Peru is divided into three regions:
- Coast: Deserts, beautiful beaches and fertile valley.
- Andes: It has the most impressive mountainous landscapes and different lifestyles can be appreciated in this part of the country. Cusco and all the surrounding areas, including the magnificent Inca citadel of Machu Picchu are located in the Andes. Mount Huascarán 6,768 meters is also very impressive.
- Rainforest: Tropical vegetation, wild animals and spectacular natural landscapes can be seen here. Hikes, boat rides and fascinating bird watching are some of the activities that the jungle offers.
National holidays:
- New Year 1st of January.
- Holy Week: Holy Thursday and Good Friday (dates vary).
- Labor Day: May 1.
- Feast of Saints Peter and Paul: June 29.
- National Holidays: July 28 and 29.
- Santa Rosa de Lima: August 30.
- Battle of Angamos: October 8
- All Saints’ Day: November 1
- Immaculate Conception: December 8
- Christmas: December 25
THE BEST PLACES OF PERU
One of the most fascinating characteristics of Peru is that you can find different places, cultures, and various activities to do in one country. The variety is huge. Here are some unmissable places and activities in Peru:
Machu Picchu:
It is one of the greatest wonders of humanity. It is on the UNESCO World Heritage list and has been voted one of the Seven Wonders of the World. It is also the only intact Inca city in the world, because the conquerors never found it and it was left unharmed. The views are spectacular and the history behind the construction and the way they lived is incredible. This visit is special in many ways. The entrance to Machu Picchu can be done through two entrances: Intipunku or Puerta del Sol (only those who take the trek to Machu Picchu have the possibility to pass through this unique door. The view is very beautiful in the morning, when it leaves the sun) and the main entrance (this is where most travelers pass through when entering Machu Picchu. If the arrival is through Aguas Calientes, this will be the entrance).
Lake Titicaca:
This impressive lake, between Peru and Bolivia, is 3,812 meters (12,500 feet) high and has an area of 8,372 km². There are more than 40 islands on it, some of which are not natural, but artificial floating islands. Some of the main attractions of the lake are: the floating islands of the Uros (around 42 artificial islands, built of floating reeds, that is to say reeds of totora, which is a plant that lives in the shallow parts of Lake Titicaca), Amantani (a natural island with an area of 15 km². Alpacas and other animals can be seen walking around the island. The locals are famous for their textiles, ceramics and adobe houses) and Taquile (a mountainous island in the lake, which was used as jail during the Spanish colonial period and then later until the beginning of the 20th century. The current population of the island of Taquile is around 3,000. Attractions include agricultural terraces, the beautiful views towards the mainland coasts and nearby islands).
The Beaches:
They can all be reached by the Pan-American Highway, from Tumbes (north) to Tacna (south). Máncora (Piura), one of the emblematic beaches in the north is known for the excellent waves it has, its surfers and its spectacular sunsets. Near Lima, (97.5 km south) you can also find the residential beaches that are grouped under the name of Asia. Here you can not only find private and luxurious beaches, but also an exclusive shopping center with all kinds of entertainment during the day and at night. Gourmet restaurants, discos, markets, varied activities, cinemas, hairdressers and gyms are some of the places you will find. All this can be visited in the summer season (mid-December to April).
Birds:
Peru is a true bird paradise, with more than 1,800 species, 120 of which are endemic to Peru. It is the second highest number of any country in the world. The national bird of Peru is the “Gallito de las Rocas”.
Discover our birdwatching routes: North (endemic species), center and south.
Flora and Fauna:
Peru has one of the greatest biodiversity of flora and fauna in the world due to the presence of the Andes, the Amazon and the Pacific Ocean. Species like the Condor, the snake and the puma were worshiped by the ancient inhabitants. They represent their beliefs in their ceramics, textiles, sculptures, monuments, and paintings. Peru also has an equally diverse number of plants. The coast of Peru is normally barren apart from some cacti that grow there. On the slopes of the Andes there are steep cloud forests that can host moss, orchids, and bromeliads. The Orchidaceous family is very important in Peru, with about 3,000 species, most of which grow in the rainforest.
Peru Healh and Vaccination:
Before traveling to Peru especially if you want to go to the jungle, you must get a yellow fever vaccination, obtain adequate health insurance and consult your doctor about the necessary immunization regions in the Peruvian jungle. In the Manu, Tambopata, Iquitos and Puerto Maldonado area you should consider taking anti-malarial pills and a yellow fever shot is mandatory. Again, consult your personal physician. Cholera vaccinations are not necessary. Most cities have doctors who speak English and other European languages. There are also, many private clinics. Before your arrival, SUNRISE PERU TREK needs to know about any medical restrictions or medications you may need. Travelers with bad heart conditions, respiratory problems or high blood pressure must consult their doctors before traveling, as the city of Cusco is situated at an altitude over 3,400 meters above sea level. We recommend that each traveler bring their own basic medical kit.
MAIN CITIES OF PERU
LIMA
Lima, the capital and largest city of Peru, was founded by the Spanish conqueror Francisco Pizarro in 1535, as the City of the Kings, or “the city of the Kings.” It is located on a deserted coast facing the Pacific Ocean. With a population of 9 million, Lima has become a bustling metropolis with a mix of colonial mansions and modern buildings, beautiful parks and bohemian bars. The historic center of Lima was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1988 due to the large number of historical buildings dating from the Spanish colonial era such as the monumental Plaza Mayor, the Cathedral, the Presidential Palace and the catacombs of the Convent of San Francisco. San Isidro is the elegant residential area where most of the embassies have their offices. Miraflores, mainly a commercial area, is the district where most of the hotels and restaurants are located. Lima is known as the Gastronomic Capital of the Americas with Creole food, Chifas (Chinese food), Cebicherias (seafood) and Pollerias (grilled chicken). The climate is mild and comfortable. Temperatures rarely drop below 12 ° C (54 ° F) or rise above 29 ° C (84 ° F) throughout the year.
AREQUIPA
Arequipa is a colonial city founded at the foot of three volcanoes (Misti, Chachani and Picchu Picchu) at an altitude of 2,335 meters (7,661 feet) above sea level. This beautiful city is built almost entirely of ashlar, a kind of white volcanic stone. That is why Arequipa is called the white city. Arequipa, the second largest city in Peru, is known throughout the country and around the world for its traditional “Picanterías”, where the meals are tasty and substantial, with fresh traditional flavors, cooked in willow wood. The climate is hot and dry throughout the year. With temperatures rarely below 20 ° C (68 ° F), however, at night, temperatures can drop sharply, especially in June, July, and August, when they can drop by around 10 ° C (50 ° F) already times up to 5 ° C (41 ° F).
CUSCO
Capital of the Inca Empire and a very important city during the colonial era, Cusco has a mixed architecture: mansions and monuments with Inca walls and colonial balconies. At 3400 m. (11100 feet), Cusco is a city that invites visitors to walk the narrow streets with red-tiled houses and plenty of art craft shops. Located 70 minutes by plane from Lima or 7/9 hours by car or train from Puno, Cusco is the door to visit the legendary Machu Picchu or do several other excursions: classic tours, adventure tourism, specialized or experiential.
Macchu Picchu
Considered one of the new wonders of the world, it offers visitors a unique experience. The Inca citadel of 2400 m. (7800 feet). It is located on the top of a mountain and can only be reached by train to Aguas Calientes and then by bus, or on foot doing the Inca Trail. Full day tours are offered daily with the possibility of spending a night in one of the hotels in the area.
PUNO
On the shores of Lake Titicaca at 3800 m. (12,400 ft.), Legend has it that Manco Cápac and Mama Ocllo emerged from its waters to found the Inca Empire. The majesty of the lake and the mixture of races: Quechua, Aymara and Spanish, makes the area a truly mystical place. Puno has been named the “Folkloric Capital of Peru” due to the richness of its artistic and cultural expressions, especially dance. They are most notable during the celebrations of the “Virgen de la Candelaria” festival and the Regional Contest of native dances.
Tours in Peru
PERU TOUR 16 DAYS
Explore the two most beautiful regions of Peru: the Andes and the Amazon Jungle; this tour commences in Lima, then you travel to Arequipa where you’ll explore the Colca Canyon tour, then you’ll travel to Puno and visit the Lake Titicaca tour, the you’ll travel to Cusco and explore the city, travel through the Sacred Valley of the Incas, hike the Inca Trail to Machu Picchu and explore the Amazon Jungle trip.
ROYAL TRIP TO MACHU PICCHU 5D
Explore the wonders of Cusco region; this tour includes: one day in the city of Cusco, travel through the Sacred Valley of the Incas, hike the Short Inca Trail to Machu Picchu and enjoy the tour in Machu Picchu full day.
DISCOVERY INCA HIGHWAY 7 DAYS
Discover the mysterious wonders in the region of Cusco; this tour includes: one day in the city of Cusco, then travel through the sacred valley of the Incas, hike the 45km of the Inca trail to Machupichu and enjoy one day of Machu Picchu tour.
SOUTH OF PERU 10 DAYS
A wonderful tour in the southern part of Peru where you’ll see the natural highlights and the stunning Inca ruins; this tour packages includes: one day in the city of Cusco, travel through the sacred Valley tour, travel to Machu Picchu, visit the picturesque island of LakeTiticaca, and explore the deepest Colca Canyon in Arequipa.
SUNRISE PERU TOUR 10 DAYS
Sunrise Peru tour takes you to visit the city of Cusco, travel one day through the sacred valley of the Incas, hike the 45 km of the stone paved Inca Trail to Machu Picchu and fly to the lowlands of Amazon Jungle
IMAGES PERU TOUR 12 DAYS
Images of Peru is a wonderful tour which takes you to travel through the southern part of Peru; in this tour package you’ll see one day Cusco city, travel through the sacred Valley on the Incas, hike the Inca trail to Machupicchu, flight to the Amazon Jungle, and visit the picturesque island of the Titicaca Lake in Puno.
Other Tours in Peru with Cusco and Machu Picchu
- AMAZON JUNGLE TRIP 3 DAYS
- CLASSIC PERU TOUR & MACHU PICCHU 6 Days
- DISCOVERY INCA HIGHWAY 7 DAYS
- SUNRISE PERU TOUR 10 DAYS
- PERU TOUR 16 DAYS
- SOUTH OF PERU 10 DAYS
- PERU EXPRESS TOUR 10 DAYS
- SUNRISE PERU TOUR 10 DAYS
- IMAGES PERU TOUR 12 DAYS
- PERU PANORAMA TOUR 16 DAYS
- LAKE TITICACA TOUR 2 DAYS
- NAZCA LINES TOUR 2 DAYS
- PERU TOUR 16 DAYS
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